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QueryRecorder

QueryRecorder is a tool for detecting the N+1 queries problem from tests.

Implemented in spec/support/query_recorder.rb via 9c623e3e

As a rule, merge requests should not increase query counts. If you find yourself adding something like .includes(:author, :assignee) to avoid having N+1 queries, consider using QueryRecorder to enforce this with a test. Without this, a new feature which causes an additional model to be accessed will silently reintroduce the problem.

How it works

This style of test works by counting the number of SQL queries executed by ActiveRecord. First a control count is taken, then you add new records to the database and rerun the count. If the number of queries has significantly increased then an N+1 queries problem exists.

it "avoids N+1 database queries" do
  control_count = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new { visit_some_page }.count
  create_list(:issue, 5)
  expect { visit_some_page }.not_to exceed_query_limit(control_count)
end

As an example you might create 5 issues in between counts, which would cause the query count to increase by 5 if an N+1 problem exists.

Note: In some cases the query count might change slightly between runs for unrelated reasons. In this case you might need to test exceed_query_limit(control_count + acceptable_change), but this should be avoided if possible.

Cached queries

By default, QueryRecorder will ignore cached queries in the count. However, it may be better to count all queries to avoid introducing an N+1 query that may be masked by the statement cache. To do this, pass the skip_cached variable to QueryRecorder and use the exceed_all_query_limit matcher:

it "avoids N+1 database queries" do
  control_count = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: false) { visit_some_page }.count
  create_list(:issue, 5)
  expect { visit_some_page }.not_to exceed_all_query_limit(control_count)
end

Use request specs instead of controller specs

Use a request spec when writing a N+1 test on the controller level.

Controller specs should not be used to write N+1 tests as the controller is only initialized once per example. This could lead to false successes where subsequent "requests" could have queries reduced (e.g. because of memoization).

Finding the source of the query

It may be useful to identify the source of the queries by looking at the call backtrace. To enable this, run the specs with the QUERY_RECORDER_DEBUG environment variable set. For example:

QUERY_RECORDER_DEBUG=1 bundle exec rspec spec/requests/api/projects_spec.rb

This will log calls to QueryRecorder into the test.log. For example:

QueryRecorder SQL: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "issues" WHERE "issues"."deleted_at" IS NULL AND "issues"."project_id" = $1 AND ("issues"."state" IN ('opened')) AND "issues"."confidential" = $2
   --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/spec/support/query_recorder.rb:19:in `callback'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:127:in `finish'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in `block in finish'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in `each'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in `finish'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:36:in `finish'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:25:in `instrument'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:478:in `log'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:601:in `exec_cache'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:585:in `execute_and_clear'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:160:in `exec_query'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:356:in `select'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:32:in `select_all'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:68:in `block in select_all'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:83:in `cache_sql'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:68:in `select_all'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb:270:in `execute_simple_calculation'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb:227:in `perform_calculation'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb:133:in `calculate'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb:48:in `count'
   --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/app/services/base_count_service.rb:20:in `uncached_count'
   --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/app/services/base_count_service.rb:12:in `block in count'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:299:in `block in fetch'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:585:in `block in save_block_result_to_cache'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:547:in `block in instrument'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:547:in `instrument'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:584:in `save_block_result_to_cache'
   --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/cache.rb:299:in `fetch'
   --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/app/services/base_count_service.rb:12:in `count'
   --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/app/models/project.rb:1296:in `open_issues_count'

See also